Introduction

The 19th and 20th centuries saw the emergence of several political ideologies seeking to address economic inequality, social welfare, and political structure. Among these ideologies, Marxism, Socialism, and Fascism stood out, each embodying distinct ideas about governance, economic control, and individual rights. Despite significant differences, these ideologies have at times overlapped in influence and occasionally, even in practice, making it essential to study their characteristics in depth to understand their historical and contemporary implications.